Voltage range : 40 V ~ 280 V (Vrms)
Current range : 0 ~ 200 mA
Frequency : 35Hz ~ 70Hz
Phase differnece : 0° ~ 90° (lead or lag)
Voltage grid should be is 50Hz or 60Hz. But in reality the frequency of the grid are sometimes shifted slightly, so be below or above 50Hz or 60Hz. The stability of the voltage frequency is one indicator of the quality of electrical voltage. The stability of the power grid's frequency is a health indicator of the grid's ability to respond to changes in supply and demand of electricity. Although there are other grid characteristics that can be measured,
frequency is less affected by local disturbances than other attributes like voltage and current.
As we develop more energy resources, these resources need to be integrated efficiently and cost effectively with our existing energy infrastructure – the power grids. Alternating Current, or AC, power generators need to be synchronized to provide optimal service and electric energy supply. When we consume electricity, we place a load on the power grid. We can develop smart appliances that can measure the grid's frequency and the health of the grid's power supply; then respond appropriately by scheduling or reducing load to help maintain grid stability.
Most of the electrical load current draw currents that have a different phase with the voltage supplied to him. Current on inductive load is lagging behind the voltage. Current on incandescent sometimes precedes the voltage of grid. Fact, the current in the electrical load that use of switching power supply is extremely precede the voltage.
In order to achieve maximum efficiency in electricity usage, the phase angle between the currents must be equal to the voltage, in other words, the current must be in phase with voltage. Real power comparison of voltage multiplied by current is called the power factor.
Ideally, power factor of load is to be one.
Measuring instrument of real power and power factor both analog and digital has been widely available. However, a measurement to the phase difference between voltage and current flowing in the grid is still rarely found. The need for these measuring devices in the lab sometimes still constrained. This paper describes the results of the implementation of the ATmega8535 microcontroller as a major component of the device for measure the frequency of the grid voltage and measure the phase difference between voltage and current flowing in the load. Furthermore, the expected applications can be developed for the measurement of the values of voltage and current RMS, power and power factor, even down to the power analyzer based microcontroller. Programs in this microcontroller can be applied to several other AVR microcontroller series if this program will not be developed further.
The Need for Phase Difference Measuring Instrument
Measure the Frequency of Grid Voltage rather than Measure the Frequency of Current
Voltage and Current Converter
The Signal Conditioning
The use of the microcontroller ADC
Frequency Measurement
Phase Difference Measurement
Output Display Format
click here for more information
Current range : 0 ~ 200 mA
Frequency : 35Hz ~ 70Hz
Phase differnece : 0° ~ 90° (lead or lag)
Voltage grid should be is 50Hz or 60Hz. But in reality the frequency of the grid are sometimes shifted slightly, so be below or above 50Hz or 60Hz. The stability of the voltage frequency is one indicator of the quality of electrical voltage. The stability of the power grid's frequency is a health indicator of the grid's ability to respond to changes in supply and demand of electricity. Although there are other grid characteristics that can be measured,
frequency is less affected by local disturbances than other attributes like voltage and current.
As we develop more energy resources, these resources need to be integrated efficiently and cost effectively with our existing energy infrastructure – the power grids. Alternating Current, or AC, power generators need to be synchronized to provide optimal service and electric energy supply. When we consume electricity, we place a load on the power grid. We can develop smart appliances that can measure the grid's frequency and the health of the grid's power supply; then respond appropriately by scheduling or reducing load to help maintain grid stability.
Most of the electrical load current draw currents that have a different phase with the voltage supplied to him. Current on inductive load is lagging behind the voltage. Current on incandescent sometimes precedes the voltage of grid. Fact, the current in the electrical load that use of switching power supply is extremely precede the voltage.
In order to achieve maximum efficiency in electricity usage, the phase angle between the currents must be equal to the voltage, in other words, the current must be in phase with voltage. Real power comparison of voltage multiplied by current is called the power factor.
Ideally, power factor of load is to be one.
Measuring instrument of real power and power factor both analog and digital has been widely available. However, a measurement to the phase difference between voltage and current flowing in the grid is still rarely found. The need for these measuring devices in the lab sometimes still constrained. This paper describes the results of the implementation of the ATmega8535 microcontroller as a major component of the device for measure the frequency of the grid voltage and measure the phase difference between voltage and current flowing in the load. Furthermore, the expected applications can be developed for the measurement of the values of voltage and current RMS, power and power factor, even down to the power analyzer based microcontroller. Programs in this microcontroller can be applied to several other AVR microcontroller series if this program will not be developed further.
The Need for Phase Difference Measuring Instrument
Measure the Frequency of Grid Voltage rather than Measure the Frequency of Current
Voltage and Current Converter
The Signal Conditioning
The use of the microcontroller ADC
Frequency Measurement
Phase Difference Measurement
Output Display Format
click here for more information
